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●词性:形容词 (约99%)
♬英/ˈɡɪlti/ 美/ˈɡɪlti/
⊕1、(法律上)有罪的
→Legally responsible for committing a crime
使用率:高频(约54%)
用法:
作表语时需接 be found/declared guilty(强调判决结果)
作定语时直接修饰名词(the guilty person)
必须搭配 of 接具体罪行(guilty of theft)
常用搭配:
plead guilty(认罪)
found guilty(被判有罪)
guilty verdict(有罪判决)
例句:
The jury found him ☞guilty☜ of fraud after a two-week trial.
(陪审团经两周审理判他欺诈罪成立。)
She pleaded ☞guilty☜ to avoid a longer sentence.
(她认罪以避免更重刑期。)
The ☞guilty☜ party must compensate the victims.
(有责方需赔偿受害者。)
Evidence proved they were ☞guilty☜ beyond doubt.
(证据确凿证明他们有罪。)
If declared ☞guilty☜, he could face ten years in prison.
(若定罪,他或面临十年监禁。)
The judge announced the defendant ☞guilty☜ of embezzlement.
(法官宣布被告犯贪污罪。)
Three suspects were identified as ☞guilty☜.
(三名嫌疑人被确认为罪犯。)
"Innocent until proven ☞guilty☜" is a fundamental legal principle.
(“未经证实即为无罪”是基本法律原则。)
⊕2、内疚的;自责的(情感)
→Feeling responsible for wrongdoing or failure
使用率:高频(约40%)
用法:
常作表语(feel/look guilty)
接 about 表原因(guilty about lying)
接 that 从句(guilty that I forgot)
常用搭配:
feel guilty(感到内疚)
guilty conscience(良心不安)
guilty expression(愧疚表情)
例句:
He felt ☞guilty☜ about missing his daughter’s graduation.
(他因错过女儿毕业典礼而内疚。)
Her ☞guilty☜ look revealed she ate the last cookie.
(她心虚的表情暴露了偷吃最后一块饼干。)
I’m ☞guilty☜ that I didn’t help when you were sick.
(你生病时未帮忙,我深感自责。)
Don’t waste food—I always feel ☞guilty☜ throwing it away.
(别浪费食物,丢弃时我总内疚。)
She had a ☞guilty☜ conscience after hiding the truth.
(隐瞒真相后她良心不安。)
Parents often feel ☞guilty☜ for working long hours.
(父母常因长时间工作对孩子愧疚。)
His ☞guilty☜ silence confirmed he broke the vase.
(他心虚的沉默证实了打碎花瓶。)
Even small lies make her feel intensely ☞guilty☜.
(即使小谎言也让她极度自责。)
⊕3、应受谴责的(道德过失)
→Deserving blame for moral failure
使用率:低频(约5%)
用法:
多修饰抽象名词(guilty neglect)
隐含社会或道德批判
常用搭配:
guilty secret(不可告人的秘密)
guilty pleasure(罪恶的快感)
例句:
Binge-watching dramas is my ☞guilty☜ pleasure.
(刷剧是我的罪恶乐趣。)
The media is often ☞guilty☜ of spreading misinformation.
(媒体常因传播不实信息受谴责。)
He confessed his ☞guilty☜ secret after decades.
(数十年后他坦白隐秘。)
☞Guilty☜ neglect by authorities worsened the crisis.
(当局失职加剧危机。)
Avoiding taxes is a ☞guilty☜ act against society.
(逃税是危害社会的可责行为。)
●词性:名词 (约0.1%)
♬英/ˈɡɪlti/ 美/ˈɡɪlti/
⊕1、<古旧> 罪犯;有罪者
→A person who has committed a crime
使用率:罕见(约0.1%)
用法:
可数名词(a guilty / the guilties)
古旧用法,现代英语多用 criminal 替代
例句:
In old texts, "the ☞guilty☜" referred to convicted prisoners.
(古籍中“有罪者”指已定罪囚犯。)
The court separated the innocent from the ☞guilty☜.
(法庭区分无辜者与罪犯。)
◆总结→
◎核心词性:形容词(绝对主导)
◎高频场景:
• 司法判决(法庭/陪审团裁决)
• 日常心理(过失后的自责)
• 道德批判(社会行为问责)
◎学习重点:
• 区分法律有罪(guilty of + 罪行)与情感内疚(guilty about + 行为)
• 掌握固定法律短语(plead guilty)
◎使用要点:
1. 介词精准性:
法律:☞guilty☜ of murder(犯谋杀罪)
情感:☞guilty☜ about forgetting(因忘记而内疚)
2. 名词限制:现代英语避免单独用 a guilty 指人(改用 a guilty person)
◎易错点:
• 与 *culpable* 混淆:
Guilty:通用(法律/情感)(He was found ☞guilty☜ in court 法庭判他有罪;She felt ☞guilty☜ 她感到内疚)
Culpable:仅指责任归属(The company is ☞culpable☜ for pollution 公司对污染负有责任)
• 与 *ashamed* 混淆:
Guilty:侧重过错责任(☞Guilty☜ for hurting others 因伤害他人而愧疚)
Ashamed:强调羞耻感(☞Ashamed☜ of poor grades 因成绩差而羞耻)